Meanwhile, Protestantism came into Ireland along with English conquest, and Protestants were largely aligned with a pro-English political stance and were seen by the Catholic Irish as attempting to “Anglicize” or stamp out Irish culture. By the late 19th century it was considered to be the religion of the Irish people. The conflict between England-a colonial world power-and Ireland-one of its many colonial holdings-defines the historical and cultural backdrop in “An Encounter.” Catholicism was introduced to Ireland in the 5th century, and largely displaced the island’s native religious practices. At that time, Irish Nationalism, the push for Ireland to resist English colonial rule to attain self-governance and economic independence was growing in influence. “An Encounter” and the other stories in Dubliners take place in either late-19th- or early-20th-century Dublin. Just two years after the publication of Finnegans Wake, Joyce died after a surgery on a perforated ulcer in Germany in 1941. Joyce’s writing was incredibly controversial, and was occasionally banned for obscenity, but had a major impact on the Modernist movement of the early 20th century. From 1904 on, Joyce reworked details from his own life as well as wide-ranging thoughts about the state of Ireland, literature, and the human condition into Dubliners (1914), a collection of short stories, and the novels A Portrait of the Artist as A Young Man (1916), Ulysses (1922), and Finnegans Wake (1939). In 1903, he returned home to see his dying mother, but refused her dying wish that he make confession and take communion. After graduation, he moved to Paris to study medicine but soon gave up, occasionally appealing to his family for money to support him despite their poverty.
Joyce attended University College Dublin, where he studied multiple languages, wrote plays and poetry, and published in Irish literary magazines. With his father’s connections, Joyce still managed to eventually attend Belvedere College, one of the best Jesuit schools in Dublin, and his Catholic education left him torn between his feeling that the Church repressed him and his love for its thinkers, symbols, and tradition of intellectual rigor.
But his father lost his job and began drinking heavily when Joyce was around ten, and the family sank into poverty, moving and changing schools often. James Joyce was born into a well-off Catholic family in Dublin in 1882, the eldest of ten surviving children.
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